These functions perform various types of encoding, compression and encryption.
All the filter functions:
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aes - encrypt and decrypt data using AES encryption.
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base64 - encode and decode Base64 data.
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bzip2 - compress and decompress BZIP2 data.
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gzip - compress and decompress GZIP data.
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hex - encode and decode Hex (Base16) data.
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html - encode text for HTML.
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uri - encode and decode URI component text.
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uuencoding - encode and decode data for a Unix to Unix transfer (uuencode).
For more information on how these to use these functions with streams of data, see Streaming and Filtering Data.
Note: they are implemented in C and about 300 times faster than equivalent logic in Lua.